|
µL |
microliter |
|
3TC |
lamivudine |
|
Ab |
antibody |
|
ABC |
abacavir |
|
ABMT |
autologous bone marrow transplantation |
|
ACIP |
CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, USA |
|
ACTH |
adrenocorticotrophic hormone |
|
ADCC |
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
|
AFAO |
Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations |
|
Ag |
antigen |
|
AIDS |
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
|
AI |
AIDS-defining illness |
|
ALT |
alanine aminotransferase or alanine transaminase |
|
Anti-HBc |
antibody to hepatitis B core antigen |
|
Anti-HBe |
antibody to hepatitis B e antigen |
|
Anti-HBs |
antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen |
|
ART |
antiretroviral therapy |
|
ARVS |
acute retroviral syndrome |
|
ASHM |
Australasian Society for HIV Medicine |
|
AST |
aspartate aminotransferase |
|
ATV |
atazanavir |
|
AUC |
area under the curve |
|
AZT |
zidovudine or azidothymidine or ZDV |
|
B cell |
a type of immune cell |
|
bd |
twice daily (Latin: bis die) |
|
bDNA |
branched deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
BMD |
bone mineral density |
|
CAF |
cell-associated factor |
|
cART |
combination antiretroviral therapy |
|
CHOP |
chemotherapy (cyclophosphanud, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) |
|
CCR5 |
chemokine coreceptor on the surface of cells |
|
CD4 |
cell a helper T-cell which carries the CD4 surface antigen. CD4 cells are the primary target of HIV and CD4 cell numbers decline during HIV disease. |
|
CD8 |
cell a killer or cytotoxic T-cell which carries the CD8 surface antigen. |
|
CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA |
|
CI |
confidence interval |
|
CIN |
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
|
CMV |
cytomegalovirus |
|
CNS |
central nervous system |
|
CPE |
CNS penetration-effectiveness |
|
CRF |
circulating recombinant form |
|
CSF |
cerebrospinal fluid |
|
CT |
computed tomography |
|
CTL |
cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
|
CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
|
CXCR4 |
chemokine receptor |
|
d4T |
stavudine |
|
DAA |
Direct Acting Antivral |
|
DAD |
Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs |
|
DC |
dendritic cell |
|
DC-SIGN |
dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin |
|
ddC |
zalcitabine |
|
ddI |
didanosine |
|
DEXA |
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
|
DHHS |
US Department of Health and Human Services |
|
DILS |
diff use infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome |
|
DLV |
delavirdine |
|
DM |
diabetes mellitus |
|
DN |
double negative |
|
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
DOT |
directly observed therapy |
|
DRV |
darunavir |
|
EBV |
Epstein Barr virus |
|
EC |
elite controllers |
|
EFV |
efavirenz |
|
EIA |
enzyme immunosorbent assay |
|
ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
|
ELISPOT |
enzyme-linked immunospot assay |
|
ENF |
enfuvirtide |
|
ERCP |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiography |
|
ETV |
etravirine |
|
EVG |
elvitegravir |
|
FasL |
Fas ligand |
|
FBC |
full blood count |
|
FDA |
Food and Drug Administration USA |
|
FPV |
fosamprenavir |
|
FTA-Abs |
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test |
|
FTC |
emtricitabine |
|
GBV-C |
flavivirus GB virus-C |
|
GCSF |
granulocyte colony stimulating factor |
|
GH |
growth hormone |
|
GHRH |
growth hormone-releasing hormone |
|
GI |
gastrointestinal |
|
GORD |
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease |
|
gp120 |
glycoprotein on surface of HIV which binds to the CD4 receptor |
|
gp41 |
glycoprotein on the surface of HIV involved in fusion between HIV and the CD4 cell |
|
HAART |
highly active antiretroviral therapy (see cART, now preferred terminology) |
|
HAD |
HIV-1-associated dementia |
|
HAND |
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders |
|
HAV |
hepatitis A virus |
|
HBIg |
hepatitis B immune globulin |
|
HBsAG |
hepatitis B surface antigen |
|
HBeAG |
hepatitis B envelope antigen |
|
HBV |
hepatitis B virus |
|
HCC |
hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
HCV |
hepatitis C virus |
|
HD |
Hodgkin’s disease |
|
HDL |
high-density lipoprotein |
|
HEPS |
highly exposed but persistently seronegative |
|
HHV8 |
human herpesvirus type 8 |
|
HIV |
human immunodeficiency virus |
|
HIV-1 |
human immunodeficiency virus-1 |
|
HIV-2 |
human immunodeficiency virus-2 |
|
HIVAN |
HIV- associated nephropathy |
|
HLA |
human leukocyte antigens |
|
HPLC |
high-performance liquid chromatography |
|
HPV |
human papilloma virus |
|
HSV |
herpes simplex virus |
|
HZ |
herpes zoster |
|
IDSA |
Infectious Diseases Society of America |
|
IDU |
injecting drug use |
|
IDV |
indinavir |
|
IFN |
interferon |
|
Ig |
immunoglobin |
|
IL |
interleukin |
|
IM |
intramuscularly |
|
INR |
international normalised ratio (a test of blood clotting) |
|
IRD |
immune restoration disease |
|
ISR |
injection site reactions |
|
ITP |
immune thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
IU |
international unit (measurement) |
|
IV |
intravenous |
|
JCV |
John Cunningham virus |
|
KGF |
keratin growth factor |
|
KOH |
potassium hydroxide |
|
KS |
Kaposi’s sarcoma |
|
LDL |
low-density lipoprotein |
|
LFT |
liver function test |
|
LN |
lymph node |
|
LP |
lumbar puncture |
|
LPS |
lipopolysaccharide |
|
LPV |
lopinavir |
|
LPV/r |
lopinavir/ritonavir |
|
LTNP |
long-term non-progressors |
|
LTR |
long-terminal repeat |
|
MAC |
Mycobacterium avium complex |
|
MACS |
Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study |
|
mDC |
myeloid dendritic cells |
|
MDMA |
Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (Ecstasy) |
|
MDR |
multidrug resistance |
|
MHC |
major histocompatibility complex |
|
MIC |
minimum inhibitory concentration |
|
MIP |
macrophage inflammatory proteins |
|
mL |
millilitre |
|
mmol |
millimole |
|
MND |
mild neurocognitive disorder |
|
MRI |
magnetic resonance image |
|
MRS |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
|
MRSA |
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
|
MSM |
men who have sex with men |
|
MTCT |
mother-to-child transmission |
|
MF |
macrophages |
|
NAA |
nucleic acid amplification |
|
NAM |
nucleoside analogue mutation |
|
NF |
nuclear factor |
|
NFV |
nelfinavir |
|
NHL |
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
|
NNRTI |
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
|
NPEP |
non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis |
|
NRTI |
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) |
|
NSI |
non-syncytium inducing |
|
NVP |
nevirapine |
|
OC |
oesophageal candidiasis |
|
OHL |
oral hairy leukoplakia |
|
OI |
opportunistic infection |
|
ORF |
open reading frame |
|
p24 |
a core HIV protein, the primary protein detected by the HIV antigen test |
|
PBMC |
peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
|
PBS |
Pharmaceutical benefits Scheme |
|
PCNSL |
primary central nervous system lymphoma |
|
PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
|
PD |
programmed death |
|
PEP |
post-exposure prophylaxis |
|
pg/mL |
picogram per millilitre |
|
PI |
protease inhibitors |
|
PI/r |
protease inhibitors boosted by ritonavir |
|
PJP |
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia previously Pneumocystis carinii |
|
PK |
pharmacokinetic |
|
PLA |
poly-L-lactic acid |
|
PML |
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
|
PNG |
Papua New Guinea |
|
PPAR |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
|
PTH |
parathyroid hormone |
|
qd |
every day (Latin: quaqua die) |
|
qds |
to be taken four times a day (Latin: quater die sumendum) |
|
RAL |
raltegravir |
|
RANTES |
regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted |
|
RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
|
RPR |
rapid plasmin reagin |
|
RT |
reverse transcriptase |
|
RT-PCR |
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
|
RTV |
ritonavir |
|
SAS |
Special Access Scheme |
|
SAT |
subcutaneous adipose tissue |
|
SDF |
stromal cell-derived factor |
|
s100 |
a section of the Pharmaceutical benefits Scheme which provides access to highly specialised drugs |
|
SI |
syncytium inducing |
|
SIL |
squamous intraepithelial lesions |
|
SIV |
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus |
|
SMART |
study Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy study |
|
SN |
sensory neuropathy |
|
SP |
single positive |
|
SQV |
saquinavir |
|
SSRI |
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
STI |
sexually transmitted or transmissible infection |
|
SVR |
sustained virological response |
|
T-20 |
enfuvirtide |
|
TAMs |
thymidine analogue mutations |
|
TB |
tuberculosis |
|
T cell |
type of lymphocyte |
|
CTRL |
T cell receptors |
|
td |
three times daily (Latin: ter die) |
|
tds |
to be taken three times a day (Latin: ter die sumendum) |
|
TDF |
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir |
|
TDM |
therapeutic drug monitoring |
|
TEN |
toxic epidermal necrolysis |
|
TGA |
Therapeutic Drugs Administration |
|
Th1 |
type 1 helper lymphocytes |
|
Th2 |
type 2 lymphocytes |
|
TLR |
toll like receptors |
|
TNF |
tumour necrosis factor |
|
TP-PA |
Treponema pallidum particle agglutination |
|
TPV |
tipranavir |
|
TREC |
T-cell receptor excision circles |
|
Treg |
specialised regulatory T cells |
|
TRIM5alpha |
human tripartite motif 5 alpha |
|
TSG |
tumour suppressor gene |
|
TSLP |
thymic stromal lymphopoietin |
|
TST |
tuberculin skin test |
|
UNAIDS |
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS |
|
USA |
United States of America |
|
UTR |
untranslated region |
|
VAT |
visceral adipose tissue |
|
VL |
viral load |
|
VLDL |
very low-density lipoprotein |
|
VM |
vacuolar myelopathy |
|
VRE |
vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus |
|
VZV |
varicella zoster virus |
|
ZDV |
zidovudine |
